^2nd Global Summit on Herbals & Natural Remedies October 17-19, 2016 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Jaspreet Kaur is a Pharmacist from India who is pursuing her masters in Pharmacology from Chandigarh College of Pharmacy,CGC (Punjab Technical University), India. She is a researchscholar and doing her research work on Alzheimer's disease. Jaspreet Kaur did her Bachelor in Pharmacy from Punjabi University Patiala, India. Now she's in second year of her masters in Pharmacology and is working on root extract of Coleus forskohlli for the treatment of Alzheimer's type of dementia. After completing her research work, she'll be writing thesis for the research done. Jaspreet Kaur has attended a number of conferences in India related to her research work and now is looking forward to attend conference and to present poster of research done in Herbals summit-2015.

The present study was designed to investigate the potential of Coleus forskohlii plant extract- ‘forskolin’ in experimental dementia in wistar rats. Dementia was induced by the administration of high fat diet (HFD) for 90 days. The effects on learning and memory were assessed using Morris Water Maze (MWM) test. A battery of biochemical tests such as brain thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and total serum cholesterol levels were measured. Administration of high fat diet significantly impaired the learning and memory and also deleteriously affected the biochemical parameters. Administration of forskolin (20 mg/kg, p.o.) for 14 days significantly attenuated high fat diet induced memory deficits and the biochemical alterations. Combined administration of forskolin and Pregnane X receptor (PXR) antagonist, Ketoconazole (25 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduced the beneficial effects of forskolin in HFD treated rats. This study demonstrates that improvement of memory by forskolin administration may occur as an outcome of its antioxidative, anticholinergic, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic and amyloid lowering potential. The study also proposes the possible involvement of Pregnane X receptors in the pathophysiology of experimental dementia.

Woo Seung Yang study for the Mastaer’s course in Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical science, Kangwon National University. His major is pharmacognosy.

Clematis mandshurica (C. mandshurica) is a traditional crude drug for treatment of urethritis, carbuncles and carcinoma. The objective of this study was to confirm the cognitive enhancing effect C. mandshurica using two behavioral tests, Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test. 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of C. mandshurica extract were administered to mice. We also investigated acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) expression and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation in scopolamine-induced memory deficit on mice to determine possible mechanism. The results revealed that C. mandshurica attenuated learning and memory impairment by scopolamine. C. mandshurica also inhibited acetylcholinesterase level in hippocampus of scopolamine-injected mice. Moreover, C. mandshurica increased BDNF and p-CREB expression in hippocampus. These results indicated that C. mandshurica improved memory impairment through AChE inhibition and BDNF and p-CREB expression and suggesting that C. mandshurica may be a useful therapeutic agent for the prevention or treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

Kang Saeromi is persuing her PhDat Cellular Signaling/Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Republic of Korea

Triterpenoid saponins (TS) are the most active ingredients of Korean red ginseng, especially in steamed ginseng root. Anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, and anti-oxidant activities of TS have been reported in relationship with many health benefits. Resolution phase of inflammation has recently been recognized as an active process derived by specialized pro-resolving mediators. Those mediators are supposed to be produced by M2 type-polarized macrophages. Among tested TS, PGM was found as the most active saponin inducing M2 polarization of macrophages. Furthermore, PGM not only induced expression of M2 marker genes, such as arginase-1, but also influenced M1 marker genes, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. Resolution promoting activity of PGM was investigated in vivo in a murine zymosan-induced peritonitis model. PGM fastened the resolution process, when it was intraperitoneally injected at the peak inflammatory response in the peritoneal cavity. These results suggest that PGM induced M2 polarization in macrophages and thereby resolved the inflammation faster. KEY WORDS: Resolution, ginseng, triterpenoid saponin, inflammation

Ankur Partap Singh is currently persuing his M.Pharm from Department of Pharmaceutics, Shaheed Bhagat Singh College of Pharmacy, Taran taran, Patti which is affiliated by Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar. He has passed B.pharmacy with first divison marks. His area of research is related to pharmaceutics and formulation development. He has about 8 years industrial experience in Quality assurance.

Malaria is a serious endemic disease in many parts of the world, affecting 5% of the World’s population. Arteether is a well known anti malarial drug mainly used in the treatment of cerebral malaria as well as chloroquine resistance malaria. But the main problems associated with arteether are its low solubility (≅17 μg/ml) and ≅ 40 % degradation in stomach. The aim of present study is to improve the antimalarial activity of arteether by enhancing the solubility and preventing its degradation in stomach. Eighteen inclusion complex of arteether with different cyclodextrins (β-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, methyl-β-cyclodextrin) in 1:1 molar ratio were prepared by different techniques like physical mixing, kneading method and spray drying. The effect of hydrophilic polymer, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) on the complexation efficiency of cyclodextrins was also evaluated. The optimized complexes were characterized by using FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry and mass spectroscopy. Complexation with β-CD showed the maximum enhancement in solubility i.e. 70.98 folds, in presence of PVP. Highest anti-malarial activity and maximum eradication of parasites i.e. around 90 % reduction in parasitaemia was observed in the spray dried complex of arteether with β-CD in presence of PVP. In vitro studies showed that the dissolution rate of arteether was significantly improved by complexation with β-CD in presence of PVP with respect to other complexes prepared by spray drying technique. The complex with better properties was further selected for preparation of enteric coated spheroids to prevent the degradation of arteether in stomach. Eudragit RL 100 was used as enteric polymer for the preparation of spheroids. The process variables were optimized and the different batches were evaluated. The optimized spheroids were characterized on the basis of shape, size, flow properties, disintegration time and dissolution studies. The incorporation of arteether by CDs had resulted in improvement of solubility and dissolution profile. This study represents first successful approach of development and optimization of oral dosage form for delivery of arteether with greater bioavailability. This eventually lead to increased bioavailability with enhanced antimalarial activity of this poorly water soluble drug. Furthermore degradation of drug in stomach was also prevented by preparing enteric coated spheroids. Keywords: Solubility enhancement, Antimalarial, spheroids

She has completed her master degree from I.S.F College of pharmacy and research work from CSIR lab Jammu. She is pursuing her PhD degree from Banasthali University in Natural products chemistry. she has published more than 20 review and research papers in reputed National and International journals.

Salvadora is an oil yielding genus belongs to the family Salvadoraceae. Two species namely Salvadora Persica and Salvadora oleoides from this genus are identified in India so far. Traditionally the wood sticks of S. persica have been used for cleaning the teeth and so named toothbrush tree which possess anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, anti-cancer, anti-ulcer, anti-plaque, anti-caries, anti-plasmodial activity and in liver disorders. Salvadora oleoides commonly called meetha jal is a small shrub showed hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antimicrobial activity. The present study demonstrates the comparative study of hepatoprotective activity of alcoholic extracts of Salvadora persica and Salvadora oleoides for their protection against paracetamol induced toxicity. Paracetamol is a drug which is used as analgesic and anti-pyretic but at high doses it produces the hepatotoxicity. Two different doses of each sample were given to wistar rats and alanine transaminases (ALT), aspartate transaminases (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin level had been evaluated after completing of the experiment. Damage of liver due to paracetamol overdose was confirmed by elevated levels of biochemical parameters like ALT, AST, ALP and bilirubin level as compared to normal control. High doses of Salvadora persica decreases all evaluated parameters of the hepatotoxicity in significantly manner. The histopathological studies also confirmed the results. Results have shown that hepatoprotective effect of S.persica at higher dose in paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity at a significant manner as compare to S.oleoides. The extract of S.persica also used as antioxidant. So, the antioxidant principles may be involved in hepatoprotective activity.

Gina Drismayasari has completed her Bachelor degree at the age of 22 years from Padjadjaran University, Faculty of Dentistry.

Most of periodontal diseases are caused by periodontopathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis which can cause chronic form of periodontitis and generalized agressive periodontitis. White turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria) which can be found easily in Indonesia has antibacteria effect againts oral pathogens. This study is aimed to examine the inhibitory effect of methanol extract of white turmeric againsts Porphyromonas gingivalis. This study was a laboratory experimental. Methanol extract of white turmeric at 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5% and 6,25% concentrations were tested on Porphhyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 using well-diffusion methode on blood agar enriched with hemin and vitamin K with three times of repetition. The result of this preliminary study shows that methanol extract of white turmeric at 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5% and 6,25% concentration have the average diameter of inhibition respectively 10,48±5,35 mm, 2,45±1,05 mm, 1,9±1,24 mm, 0,85±1,03 mm, and 1,56±1,85. According to the result of this study, it could be concluded that methanol extract of white turmeric tends to have inhibitory effect againts Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Moussa Ahmed is a medical microbiologist by specialty. He obtained his PhD degree from Mostaganem University Algeria. He is on the editorial board of many international medical and scientific journals. He is currently a Researcher in the Laboratory Pharmacognosy & Api-Phytotherapy Research laboratory Mostaganem University, Algeria.

To investigate the effect of unheated and heat-treated of Sahara honey. A total of 24 Swiss albino mice weighing 25–35 g were divided into four groups (n = 6). Anti-inflammatory effect was assessed at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h after subplantar injection of carrageenan (0.5 mL of a 1% solution in normal saline). In addition, total phenolic content was determined by modified Folin-Ciocalteu method. The total phenolic content capacity of the Sahara honey before and after heat treatment was between 72 and 97.9 mg of gallic acid equivalents/100 g of honey respectively. Administration of unheated honey (oral administration) reduced significantly (P < 0.05). The carrageenan induced mice paw edema model at 1, 3 and 6 h for 21.85%, 5.43% and 80.43%, respectively. Administration of heat-treated honey showed insignificant inhibition of carrageenan and induced paw edema at 1 h (31.16%), 3 h (0.25%) and 6 h (34.19%). The 50 mg/kg diclofenac exhibited percent reduction in paw volume 16.12%, 8.90% and 15.32% after 1 h, 3 h and 6 h, respectively, when compared with control animals. No toxicity was identified. Our results suggest that unheated Sahara honey has anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the mice paw edema size while heat-treated Sahara honey decreases the anti-inflammatory activity.

Kang Saeromi is persuing her PhDat Cellular Signaling/Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Republic of Korea

Oroxylium indicum has long been used in Asian countries for treatment of respiratory diseases, diarrhea, and diabetes etc. 7-Methoxy-baicalein (7-MB) is one of the major constituents in Oroxylium indicum. Root bark extract of Oroxylium indicum showed anti-asthma activity. Therefore, it was investigated whether 7-MB had anti-allergic effects by using in vivo and in vitro experiments. By measuring β-hexosaminidase activity, antigen-induced degranulation was measured in RBL-2H3 mast cells. In order to find in vivo action of 7-MB, a murine ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma model was used. Sensitization and challenge of ovalbumin induced allergic asthma responses, such as accumulation of eosinophils and secretion of Th2 cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the lung. Intraperitoneal injection of 7-MB decreased numbers of inflammatory cells, especially eosinophils. Also the administration reduced expression and secretion of Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13 in the lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Histologic studies showed reduced inflammatory signs and mucin production in the lung by 7-MB. These findings provide evidence that 7-MB could be used as an anti-allergic therapeutic. KEY WORDS: Anti-allergy, anti-asthma, degranulation, mast cell, Oroxylium indicum

Suad Yousif Abdalla Alkarib has completed her PhD from University of Khartoum, Sudan. She is the Founder of College of Pharmacy in Karary University. Earlier she was the Director General Manager for the “Wafrapharma Laboratories Ltd. for drug manufacturing. She is the Member of the Sudanese Medical Council, Scientific Researches committee in Gum Arabic Board, Sudan, Arab Administrative Development Organization (League of Arab States). She is the Rapporteur of the Industrial Pharmacy Committee in the Pan Arab Colleges of Pharmacy. She is the Member of the proposed fellowship in Technology of Industrial Pharmacy (Council of pharmaceutical specialties, Sudan). She has published more than 15 papers in different journals and conferences.

Introduction: Gum is a dried exudate from stems and branches of acacia senegle linne willdenow and other related African species of acacia Family Leguminosae. It is a safe non toxic material utilized in production of capsule shell compared to the gelatin. Capsule hardness and elasticity are influenced by changes in gum: water: plasticizer ratio. This study described the use of gum Arabic in the manufacturing of capsules, using water and plasticizer to fine-tune the elasticity. Methods: Hand pick gum Arabic grinded and treated by adding glycerin B.P, polyethylene B.P glycol, sorbitol and purified water in a ratio of 5:2:1 per volume in Wafrapharma industry. A flexible sheet was produced from the mucilage to confirm the formula reliability. Then after capsules shells were produced by process of dipping molds in the mucilage and let to dry. Results: The influence of gum: water: plasticizer ratio on capsule formulation showed the difference in ratio of gum solution formula affects the elasticity degree of the sheet. When the quantity of the plasticizer is increased, the ratio of water: plasticizer decreased. Conclusions: gum Arabic is a stable suitable natural material to be used in capsule shell production in Sudan. Both gum solution and plasticizer loading level were found to influence the initial rate of elasticity. Elasticity shown to be controlled by the added quantity of plasticizer. Key words: Acacia, capsule shell, Gum Arabic, plasticizer,

Parul Sood is currently persuing her Ph.D from Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India. Her area of research is related to pharmacognosy, phytochemistry and standardization of crude drugs. Ms. Sood has completed her M. Pharm. from Guru Jambheshwar University (India) and had received Gold Medal (secured First position). She is actively involved in academic and research activities at Baddi University. She has published various research/review papers in reputed national and international journals.

Citrullus colocynthis Schard. known as Bitter Apple (Family-Cucurbitaceae) has been traditionally used as antidiabetic plant. The plant is widely valued for the treatment of gynaecological troubles, constipation, oedema, bacterial infections and cancer but no work has ever been carried out for standardizing this potential plant. The present investigation deals to establish macroscopic and microscopic determinations as well as phytochemical and physicochemical parameters for C. colocynthis fruits. Pharmacognostic study were performed on fresh fruits. Phytochemical study revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, terpinoids and phenolic compounds. The fruits showed high water soluble extractive value indicating that the fruits containing polar compounds. The results of other physicochemical analysis are as such total ash value (12.43+0.80), acid insoluble ash (6.22+0.40) and water soluble ash (2.54+0.25) show that fruits contain inorganic salts. This is the first report on macroscopy, microscopy, physicochemical and phytochemical screening of plant material which will provide valuable information for the authentication of crude drug in future. Keywords: Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical, Citrullus colocynthis

Oriakhi Kelly is a lecturer in the Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Nigeria. He received his B.Sc, M.Sc. degrees in Biochemistry, from the University of Benin. He joined the University of Benin in 2010 as a Graduate Assistant, and currently was promoted to lecturer II. His research is focused on Clinical Biochemistry and Medicinal Chemistry with the aim of isolating lead compounds for the treatment/management of diseases. Mr Kelly Oriakhi has authored over 10 scientific publications in peer –reviewed journals. Mr. Oriakhi is a recipient of numerous Awards/prizes, including best Science Student Prize in Adolo College (2000), Third world Academy of Science (TWAS) Award, Trietes, Italy .

Hyperlipidemia, a disorder of lipid metabolism characterized by elevated levels of lipids circulating in the blood, has now become a global concern. It is considered as one of the five leading cause of death in the world. A total of thirty five rats were used in this study. The animals were randomly assigned into seven groups (five rats per group). Group I (control group) was fed with normal diet (ND) only, group II, V, VI and VII were fed with high cholesterol diet, while groups III and IV were fed with normal diet for five weeks and thereafter administered with 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight of Tetracarpidium conophorum oil (TCO) respectively for a period of 20 days. Group II were maintained on hyper cholesterol diet, while Group V and VI was administered 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight of TCO respectively for a period of 20 days, while group VII was given 80 mg/kg body weight of atorvastatin used as a reference drug. After six weeks , rats were deprived of food overnight, the animals where sacrificed. Blood sample was collected and biochemically analyzed for Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), High Density Lipoprotein HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C), Malondialdehyde levels (MDA), Creatine Kinase(CK) and Lactate Lehydrogenase (LDH) activities. The results show that there were significant increases (PË‚0.05) in TC, LDL-C, CK, LDH and MDA levels with a reduction in HDL-C in rats induced with high cholesterol diet after 37 days when compared to the initial values at day 0. Oral administration of Tetracarpidium conophorum oil and atovastatin drug for a period of 20 days resulted in significant lowering (PË‚0.05) of the levels of TC, LDL-C, CK, LDH and MDA levels with increase in HDL-C in rats induced with high cholesterol diet. However there were also significant decreases (PË‚0.05) in TC, LDL-C, LDH, CK and MDA levels with increase in HDL-C in rats administered with 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight of Tetracarpidium conophorum oil alone for 20 days in rats fed with normal diet when compared to control. Tetracarpidium conophorum oil could effectively reduce or control the amount of serum cholesterol and LDL-C. It is apparent that the oil could contribute to new formulation with significant hypolipidemic effect and cardioprotective properties. Keywords: Hyperlipidemia, Cardiovascular diseases, African walnut

Abida Latif has completed her PhD and currently working as an eminant Assistant professor at Punjab University College of Pharmacy University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.

Daucus carota L. has six verities such as yellow, violet, black, pink, orange, and white.The roots of black variety are used to prepare a number of preparations such as juice, concentrate and fermented beverage, kanji which is consumed in early summer in many areas of India and Pakistan for different purposes to cure ailments.To maintain consistency in efficacy, standardized material and formulation protocol is required. The present study aimed to analyse crude powders of Daucus carota L. for physicochemical and phytochemical characterization to prepare standardized Kanji. Moisture contents, total ash, acid insoluble ash, sulphated ash, extractive values both in water and alcohol, total fats, total proteins, and total carbohydrates were determined using standard protocols. The results showed that crude powdered material of roots contained moisture contents 4.10 %, totak ash 10.4 %, acid insoluble 0.35 %, sulphated ash 9.05 %, water soluble extractives 10.86 %, alcohol soluble extractives 17.54 %, total lipids 34.46 %, total proteins 0.85 % and total carbohydrates 50.19 %. The behaviour of the material under ultra violet indicated that the material was purple in appearance. Comparison of Fourier Transform (FTIR) fingerprints of crude powdered material of different batches indicated the similarity of constituents. The studied parameters were found to be in accordance with the official limits. Hence Kanji prepared from such batches may be showing equivalent efficacy. Keywords: Daucus carota L.; root powder; Standardization

Dean Kyle Ang, Glormina Avena, Julianne Patricia Balisi, Bianca Marie Benin, Nicholaire Cabezon, Roy Isaac Clavio and Mary Roussle Janthina Lacson are graduating students currently taking BS Medical Technology at the University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Pharmacy.

Wrightia antidysenterica, belonging to family Apocynaceae, is commonly grown in lowlands of the country. Several species of the same family were reported to have medicinal properties. The research analyzes the antimicrobial properties of crude butanol, dichloromethane (DCM) and hexane leaf extracts of Wrightia antidysenterica. Extracts were tested against significant strains of microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and genera Bacillus, Escherichia, Psuedomonas, Micrococcus, Streptococcus, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, and Candida. Zones of inhibition in the agar disc diffusion method revealed that S. pneumoniae (14.40 mm) and S. epidermidis (15.70 mm) are susceptible to DCM leaf extracts. The antibiotic activity of this leaf extracts is attributed to the phytochemicals: steroids, tannins, phenols, alkaloids, saponins, coumarins, and terpenoids. The two-fold serial dilution determined that at a concentration of 100 mg/ml, the DCM leaf extract possessed antibiotic activity comparable to gentamicin against S. pneumoniae and S. epidermidis. This was recorded as the MIC. The activity of 100 mg/ml is observed to be only bacteriostatic upon streaking and 24-incubation on MHA; whereas, activity of gentamicin remained bactericidal against the two species of bacteria. Therefore, Wrightia antidysenterica cannot be used as an alternative bactericidal agent against S. epidermidis and S. pneumoniae. However, it can be used as a bacteriostatic agent against these two species of bacteria.