3^rd Global Summit on Herbals and Traditional Medicine October 18-20, 2017 Osaka, Japan

1. Affiliation: Department of Nursing, Dongshin University, Korea 2. Position: associate professor 3. Education: Doctor of Philosophy in Veterinary Basic Studies in Korea 4. Technical Experience - candidates screening for cancer/asthma treatment form natural products - immuno-pharmacological study 5. Publications - paper: 63 papers within in press - book chapter: 5

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary disease that affects an estimated 235 million people worldwide. Anti-asthmatic drugs such as inhaled corticosteroids, leukotriene receptor antagonists, short/long-acting β2-agonists, and anticholinergic drugs are used to treat asthma; however, they may cause serious adverse health effects. Opuntia humifusa (eastern prickly pear) has been used as a food and traditional medicine worldwide; however, its anti-asthmatic effects have not been reported. In this study, we evaluated O. humifusa as a potential therapeutic or preventive component of anti-asthmatic drugs. We divided ovalbumin-sensitized mice into the following groups: normal control, asthma-induced control, dexamethasone-treated group (positive control), 50 mg/kg O. humifusa-treated group, 100 mg/kg O. humifusa-treated group, and 500 mg/kg O. humifusa-treated group. Levels of Th1/Th2/Th17-related cytokines were evaluated using RT-PCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry. O. humifusa dose-dependently suppressed the morphological changes typically observed in asthma, such as goblet cell hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration, mucous hypersecretion, and relative basement membrane thickening in the respiratory system. These results may be attributable to regulation of Th1-/Th2-/Th17-related factors, especially interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13. We conclude that O. humifusa is a potential anti-asthmatic drug candidate.

Zhijian LIN has his expertise in clinical Chinese Pharmacy and passion in ADR research on Chinese Materia Medica. He has well experience in rational use of Chinese Materia Medica after years of research and teaching in Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. He teaches Chinese Pharmacy and applied integrative teaching methods for simulating real world clinical practice to advance students’ problem solving skills. And he also has a strong interest in basic pharmacological research on hyperuricemia and metabolic disorders with Chinese Materia Medica.

Chinese medicine is one of the great medical systems in the world, which performs treatment based upon principle of ZHENG Classification and Treatment (Bian Zheng Lun Zhi, 辨證論治in Chinese). And ZHENG (TCM syndrome) classification could be identified as clinical special phenotypes by symptoms and signs of patients. In ancient times, practitioners of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) performed two roles as clinical physicians and clinical pharmacists. And TCM practitioners provided an effective approach for personalized diagnosis and treatment in clinic. In other words, clinical Chinese pharmacists have been practicing personalized drug therapy for thousands of years. Modern education of Chinese medicine began in the 1950s. According to the modern education system, physicians and pharmacists of Chinese medicine are two different groups of health-care professionals. The fundamental role of Chinese pharmacists is to distribute drugs prescribed to patients, to produce drugs in the manufacturing companies, and to research and develop new drugs in laboratories. As is known to all, a medication may demonstrate effectiveness in clinic, yet it may be less effective to some particular patients, or even results in adverse drug reaction /adverse drug event (ADR/ADE) and failure to reach desired treatment goals. Clinical Chinese pharmacists have now moved from laboratory to the patients’ bedsides to provide pharmaceutical care. They are positioned to play an active role in pharmaceutical care to improve personalized medications, such as consulting with physicians on individual patient’s needs, discussing the therapy based on the principle of ZHENG Classification and Treatment, performing therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM), ADR/ADE supervision, medication prescription assessment, providing recommendations of alternative treatments as necessary, and educating patients and families about drug rational use.

Zhang Xiaomeng, a Ph.D student in Clinical Pharmacy of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, has her expertise in Pharmacovigilance and rational use of Traditional Chinese Medicine. She is committed to the assess the relationship of benefit-risk of the application of toxic herbs and herbal injections by using a variety of research methods. Until now, as first author, she has published 3 SCI papers and 4 papers in core periodicals.

The application of Aconitum herbs has a long history and wide range of indications, but in clinical, due to its inherent toxic ingredients, Aconitum herbs often lead to safety issues, whose application arouse public controversy. For the Aconitum herbs that has clear benefits and risks, how clinicians use? Therefore, based on retrieving more than 70 representative classical Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) works, such as Shennong's Herbal, Compendium of Materia Medica, Treatise on Febrile Diseases, and so on, we would systematically comb the benefit and risk cognition of Aconitum herbs by using the method of text mining, including the information of Aconitum’s origin, toxicity, medication risk and pharmacovigilance, which can provide traditional reference for clinical benefit-risk assessment, and reduce medication risk. In the classical TCM works, the cognization of toxicity of Aconitum herbs are almost accordance from ancient to present. Radix aconitum carmichaeli (Chuanwu) and Radix aconitum kusnezoffii (Caowu) have strong toxicity, while Radix aconitum carmichaeli (Fuzi) has toxicity. The medication risk of Aconitum herbs is not only relative with its own property, but also affected by processing, pattern, compatibility, dosage, patient physique, and so on. How these factors influence the benefit-risk relationship of Aconitum application are presented in Figure 1. From the representative classical medical formularies, we retrieved 7357 prescriptions (8.62%) that containing Aconitum herbs, whose medication ratio was relatively high. Ancient clinicians can effectively reduce the medication risk and ensure the efficacy of Aconitum herbs by alerting the risk factors in the medication course. At the same time, the classical works also recorded a lot of methods to detoxicate Aconitum toxicity, which major are cold, sweet drugs or foods. All in a word, although Aconitum herbs are with toxicity, the risk of toxicity-effect of Aconitum clinical used can be controlled if alerting various application factors.

Ching-Hsiung Liu is a senior Neurologist practiced in Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital. He has completed his Ph.D. from Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine on 2014 and also a doctoral candidate at Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University. He is interested in the integrative medicine especially of acupuncture in neurology. He is a member of Chinese Medical Association of Acupuncture, and also a qualified acupuncturist.

Sciatica is a common pain disorder typically presented as gluteal pain which may radiate to one leg with motor or sensory complaints. Acupuncture has been proposed to treat various neurological diseases including chronic pain disorder. However, the central effect of acupuncture-induced analgesia and its functional connectivity in multiple brain regions remain unclear. Brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have shown that chronic pain syndrome alters network of the default mode (DMN) in the various pattern. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) are important nodes engaging the top-down descending pain modulatory system. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that in patients with sciatica, whether the mPFC and dlPFC are exhibits abnormal FC on DMN, and the relative effect of acupuncture modulation. In the present work, the reciprocal modulation of acupuncture is demonstrated in a population of chronic sciatica patients (n=10, 38-80 years old, mean=62.1) after 8 times acupuncture treatment in four weeks. The results showed greater functional connectivity (FC) over the posterior cingular cortex(PCC) -right superior frontal gyrus, PCC-left medial temporal gyrus and PCC-right inferior temporal gyrus during pre-acupuncture phase; and higher FC of PCC-cerebellum and PCC-bilateral dorsal-lateral prefrontal cortex in post-acupuncture phase. In comparison with a healthy-control group (n=10, 42-70 years old, mean=53.1), the patient treated with acupuncture exhibit greater FC of the PCC-bilateral insula, right dLPFC and parahippocampus. These finding demonstrated the effect of acupuncture on pain might through deactivating the FC of PCC-mPFC and activating the FC of PCC-dlPFC and insula for restored the aberrant connectivity in a sciatic brain.

Sang-hoon Yoon has completed his bachelor's degree from college of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea, From 2005 to 2011, he worked as section chief of spine clinic at Lee-GeonmokWonli Korean Medicine Hospital at Seoul. And he is working in the Chung-Yeon Korean medicine hospital at Kwang-ju. now He conducted clinical studies in Miniscalpel-acupuncture (acupotomy) and has published more than 4 papers. His main interest is Musculoskeletal disorders and Miniscalpel-acupuncture (acupotomy)

Posttraumatic cervical dystonia presents dominant laterocollis, absence of improvement after sleep and poor response to conservative treatment including botulinum toxin injections. We are reporting an improvement of laterocolis with miniscalpel-acupuncture treatment on posttraumatic cervical dystonia. The case presents a 68-year-old Kazakhstan patient who suffered posttraumatic cervical dystonia for 3 years. Tonic contracture of the left scalene, splenius capitis and sternocleidomastoid muscle was observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and postural analysis. There were no abnormal findings on brain MRI. Symptoms started with trauma and progression did not respond to botulinum toxin injections. Miniscalpel-acupuncture was performed on tender points of the contracted muscles. We executed the Cervical Dystonia Impact Profile (CDIP-58), cervical MRI and measurement of neck angle to evaluate the effect of treatment. After 14 days of Miniscalpel-acupuncture treatment CDIP-58 decreased from 169 to 120 and cervical laterocollis angle decreased from 11.0 to 0.0 degrees. Based on MRI, the difference in both the length of middle scalene muscle and shoulder height also showed improvement. Although we are presenting a single case, it is based on the patient's clear response and objective evaluations. The treatment effect is considered to be the muscle relaxation and incision effects of miniscalpel-acupuncture. A large, well-designed study treating patients with dystonia with miniscalpel-acupuncture should be conducted in the future

Sutin Kaennakam has completed his PhD at the age of 28 years from Chulalongkorn University Thailand and postdoctoral studies from Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University. He has published more than 8 papers in reputed journals.

Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand Three new pterocarpans, velucarpins A-C (1-3) and two new isoflavanes, dalvelutinanes A-B (4-5) along with six known compounds (6-11) were isolated from the roots of Dalbergia velutina. Their chemical structures including absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic analysis (1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS and CD). All isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against five cancer cell lines (KB, HeLa S-3, MCF-7, HepG-2 and HT-29). Compound 10 showed good cytotoxicity against all the five cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 3.47-9.76 µM. In addition, compound 3, 7 and 9 showed good cytotoxicity against KB and HeLa S-3 cells with IC50 values in the range of 5.99-9.54 µM and compound 5 showed good cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell with IC50 value of 4.69 µM.

Chan Young, Kwon is a Korean Medicine Doctor (KMD) and a specialist on oriental neuropsychiatry. He received a master’s degree from Kyung Hee University in 2016, and he’s doing his doctoral studies. He has published several papers about neuropsychiatric subjects including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, headache, and emotion freedom technique (EFT). And he participated in the process of developing KM clinical practice guideline on depression.

To treat generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), some western medications (WM) and psychotherapies are being used. However problems about inadequate efficacy, side effects of the psychopharmacologic agents, and drug resistance are still present. The purpose of this review is to assess the efficacy and safety of oriental herbal medicine (OHM) for GAD. Twelve databases were searched for randomized controlled trial (RCT) of OHM for GAD, from inception to August 2016. Two authors conducted the trial inclusion, extracted data from the included trials, and assessed the risk of bias, independently. The primary outcomes were change in anxiety score and Toxic Exposure Surveillance System (TESS) score. A total of 11,039 studies were identified, and 111 RCTs were met our inclusion criteria. Our meta-analyses showed that OHM appeared to be more effective than placebo (5 RCTs; MD, -7.01; 95% CI, -11.03 to -3.00) and WM (45 RCTs; MD, -1.27; 95% CI, -2.06 to -0.48) as assessed by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA); OHM appeared to be more safe than WM (11 RCTs; MD, -3.09; 95% CI, -5.80 to -2.23) as assessed by TESS. Moreover when OHM was prescribed with WM, the anxiolytic effect was superior than WM alone (28 RCTs; MD, -2.84; 95% CI, -3.49 to -2.20). Our findings indicate that OHM is safe and potentially effective to relieve anxiety symptoms of GAD patient. However as the methodological quality of included trials are relatively poor, well-designed and rigorous RCTs are needed to support this findings.

His major is traditional Korean medicine, and he has lectured and studied pharmacology and toxicity in Korean medicine at Daeguhaany university. In addition to natural drug research, he is also focusing on research on functional food ingredients and natural cosmetic materials. Now he is the editor-in-chief of The Korea Association of Herbology and serves as an academic member and editor of internationally renowned journals. He has built this model after years of experience in research, evaluation, teaching and administration both in hospital and education institutions.

Scutellariae Radix (SR) is been known to possess the bioactive compounds such as baicalein, wogonin. Various processing methods, such as heating and steaming have been widely applied to enhance the therapeutic and biological effects of plant materials including SR in East-Asia area. The aim of this study was to explore the inhibit effect of wrinkle formation of heated Scutellariae Radix (HSR) via Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) path way. Scutellariae Radix (SR) is prepared by heating with 30% ethanol. AGEs formation inhibitory activities of SR and HSR measured using bovine serum albumin, glucose, and fructose. To evaluate the produce inhibition effect of SR and HSR AGEs, SD-rats were distributed into four groups; normal rats (Nor), AGEs -induced rats (Con), AGEs-induced rats treated with 100mg/kg SR (SR) or HSR (HSR). To induce AGEs, streptozotocin (50mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally and after 3 days oral administrated 100mM methyl glyoxal for 3 weeks. The oral administration of HSR suppressed the AGEs in serum and skin tissues. Furthermore, the expressions of inflammatory cytokine were significantly decreased in HSR treated group compared with the SR group in skin tissues. AGE-induced rats exhibited that the significant decreased collagen, however, HSR treatment (100mg/kg of body weight) up regulated collagen compared with AGE-induced rats. In addition, the expression levels of skin fibril-related genes such as MMP-1 was improved by HSR treatment. In conclusion, these results suggest that heated Scutellariae Radix extract has the potential as a cosmetic material which possess anti-wrinkle formation activities.

His major is traditional Korean medicine, and he has lectured and studied pharmacology and toxicity in Korean medicine at Daeguhaany university. In addition to natural drug research, he is also focusing on research on functional food ingredients and natural cosmetic materials. Now he is the editor-in-chief of The Korea Association of Herbology and serves as an academic member and editor of internationally renowned journals. He has built this model after years of experience in research, evaluation, teaching and administration both in hospital and education institutions.

Advanced glycation end product (AGEs) is bind formation of glucose and protein. Acceleration of AGE formation during hyperglycemia is associated with the pathogenesis of diabetic complications and causes kidney and skin damage. The aim of this study was comparison investigated the AGEs inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity of water extracts from Paeoniae Radix Alba (PR) and heated Paeoniae Radix Alba (HPR). HPR was made by heating and roasting with 30% ethanol. AGEs formation inhibitory activities of PR and HPR measured using bovine serum albumin. To evaluate the protective effects of PR and HPR in diabetic rats induced with streptozotocin (STZ) and methyl glyoxal (MGO), SD rats were distributed into four groups; normal rats (Nor), AGEs-induced rats (Con), AGEs-induced rats treated with 100 mg/kg PR (PR), AGEs-induced rats with 100 mg/kg HPR (HPR) for 3 weeks. HPR respectively decrease AGEs construction compared to Con. HPR administration inhibited the biomarkers of AGEs in serum, kidney and skin tissues. AGE-induced rats revealed that the significant decreased collagen however, heat processed PR upregulated collagen through suppress AGEs accumulation. The expressions of inflammatory cytokine were decreased in PR treated group and HPR treated group compared with the control group. These indicate that HPR has a potential to serve as a down regulator on AGEs. In conclusion, it has proposed that may have an alleviating effect on diabetic complications, HPR has more excellent AGEs inhibitory activity and antioxidant compared to PR.

Pr. Rachid soulimani, president of AGRESS association, responsible of "Neurodevtox" anr/europe-feder program, responsible of "Arf Tempus, Europe/Tempus program, header of Research Team Neurotoxicology and Development /Inra, University of Lorraine, France.

Extraction of bioactive compounds from plants is often performed using organic solvents that may have a toxic effect on human health and lead to environmental pollution. Recently, a new ecological process for extracting natural active compounds according to their granulometric size called “Differential Controlled Sieving Process” (DCSP) was invented by Agritech (France; Baudelaire, 2013). To validate this technological process, two medicinal plants named ivy (Hedera helix) and figwort (Scrophularia nodosa) were used to assess the effect of DCSP on their well-known pharmacological properties including their cytoprotective and antioxidant potentials. To this end, powders from ivy leaves and figwort aerial parts (20 to 500 µm of particle size) were obtained by DCSP. Hydroalcoholic extracts (HE) of plants were prepared and used as control. Moreover, mouse spleen cells were isolated and the cytotoxicity of all plant preparations (granulometric fractions and HE) was checked by MTT assay at different concentrations. Finally, the intracellular levels of different oxidative markers (ROS, MDA, SOD, CAT and GPx) were measured. For both plants, neither fractions nor extracts exerted a cytotoxic effect on splenocytes. Only granulometric fractions ranging from 50 to 315 µm exhibited an antioxidant effect that was significantly higher than HE. These results were consistent with chemical analyses showing higher content of some main active compounds of ivy (α-hederin and hederasaponin-C) and figwort (iridoid glycosides) in the same granulometric classes, compared to their HE. These data suggest that DCSP improves the biological activities of ivy and figwort and leads to a differential distribution of bioactive compounds.

IN-YU LIN is a PhD student from National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. His major research is e traditional Chinese medicine, Antrodia cinnamomea (AC). AC is a famous health food for liver protection and immune regulator. He want to elucidate the mechanism of Chinese medicine.

Antrodia cinnamomea (AC) exhibits many bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and hepatoprotection activities. Many researchers have studied the functions of the components or fractions of AC, but the functions of the original extractions of AC have not been studied. In addition, the detailed relationship between AC and immune-related signaling pathways is unclear. In this study, we screened the effects of CCM111, which is the extract of AC, on seven immune-related signaling pathways and further investigated whether CCM111 can influence inflammation. Interestingly, our results showed that CCM111 significantly inhibited the IL-6-stimulated STAT3 pathway and the LPS-stimulated NF-κB pathway in macrophages. CCM111 also decreased the phosphorylation of STAT3, Tyk2 and the nuclear translocation of p65. Moreover, CCM111 and F4, a fraction of CCM111, down-regulated nitric oxide (NO) production, the protein levels of iNOS and COX-2, and inflammatory cytokines in macrophage cells. Therefore, our study suggested that CCM111 has the potential to be developed as an effective anti-inflammatory agent.

She has completed her B.TM. at the age of 22 years from Prince of Songkla University. She is currently a Ph.D. candidate at the College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University.

Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob. (syn. Eupatorium odoratum L.), known in common name as Siam Weed, Christmas Bush, or Common Floss Flower, is a species in family Asteraceae. It has been widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of skin diseases, diabetes, as well as insect repellent. The leaves of C. odorata from 10 various sources throughout Thailand were investigated for the chemical constituents of essential oil, the content of chlorogenic acid and in vitro antioxidant capacities of this crude drug. The chemical compositions of essential oils were hydro‑distilled from the leaves and were analyzed by gas chromatography‑mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Chlorogenic acid content was quantitatively analyzed by thin‑layer chromatography (TLC) ‑ densitometry with winCATS software and TLC image analysis with ImageJ software. The mobile phase for TLC development consisted of ethyl acetate: water: formic acid (17: 3: 2). Antioxidant activities were investigated by 2, 2‑diphenyl‑1‑picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and β‑carotene bleaching assays. For the results, C. odorata essential oil showed the major components of pregeijerene, dauca‑5, 8‑diene, (E)‑caryophyllene, β‑pinene, and α‑pinene. The chlorogenic acid content of C. odorata leaves determined by TLC‑densitometry and TLC image analysis were found to be 7.39 ± 0.40 and 7.31 ± 0.77 g/100 g of dry leaves, respectively. Statistically, the chlorogenic acid content obtained from both methods was not significantly different. DPPH radical scavenging and β‑carotene bleaching assays of ethanolic extract of C. odorata leaves showed its antioxidant potential.

Eungyoung Kim graduated from the Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University in 2016. She is currently enrolled in the master’s program in the department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University. This year, she published a paper in the Journal of Life Science on the role of microRNA-23b as potential tumor suppressor in B-cell lymphomas. Now, she is studying the anti-cancer effect of Angelica gigas Nakai and one of its active compounds decursin in B-cell lymphoma.

Angelica gigas nakai (AGN, Dang-gui) is Korean transitional medicine to treat dysmenorrhea, migraine and anemia. It has also been shown that it induces cytotoxicity in lung cancer, breast cancer and leukemia cells. However, its anti-lymphoma effect has yet to be tested. Here, we demonstrate that AGN and decurin target Myc, a proto-oncogene that is dysregulated in most types of human tumors, including B-cell lymphoma, to suppress lymphomagenesis in vitro and in vivo. AGN inhibited cell viability in multiple B lymphoma cells while sparing normal splenocytes and bone marrow cells. Mechanistically, AGN’s proapoptotic effect was through increment of cleaved PARP and caspase 3/7 activity in association with the repression of survival-promoting AKT/mTOR and MAPK pathways. We found that Myc, a prominent downstream target of these signals, plays a critical role in AGN-induced cell death. Moreover, co-treatment of AGN with a Myc inhibitor JQ1 (a BET bromodomain inhibitor) or 10058-F4 (Myc-Max dimerization inhibitor) synergistically enhanced cytotoxic activity against cancer cells with marked suppression of Myc. Anti-cancer effect of AGN was confirmed in Eμ-myc transgenic mice; administration of AGN prevented the development of high grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HG-NHL) and normalized B-cell development with concomitant down-modulation of Myc. The proapoptotic activities of AGN were recapitulated by decursin, indicating that anti-tumor effect of AGN was mainly caused by decursin. These findings suggest that AGN and decursin possess potent anti-lymphoma activity and combination therapies including AGN/decursin to target Myc more efficiently could be a valuable avenue to explore in the treatment of B-cell lymphoma.

Ji-Hyeok Lee started a PhD in Jeju National University, South Korea. And he is working to find functional secondary metabolites from marine algae in Incheon National University. He also carried out full time research project titled “Largely purification and identification of bioactive compounds from marine algae using centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC), and evaluation on their biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-diabetes and anti-hypertension effects, etc.” as requirement of the master, doctor degree program and various national research projects.

Marine brown algae are reported to include various bioactive compounds such as phlorotannins, chromanols and fucoxanthin, etc. However, their stable isolation and purification are not easy to applicate as marine natural medicine. Centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) is a liquid-liquid chromatography system to efficiently and largely isolate the bioactive compounds from a variety of marine algae and natural plants, etc. through a two-phase solvent system composited with n-hexane:EtOAc:methanol:water or CHCl3:methanol or ethanol:water solution. Phlorotannins such as dieckol, 6,6-bieckol, 2,7-phloroglucinol 6,6-bieckol, phyrogarlyol 6,6-bieckol, phlorofucofroeckol A and octaphlorethol A with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects are successfully isolated from Ecklonia cava (2:7:3:7, v/v), Ishigae okamura (0.5:10:4:6, v/v) and Ishigae sinicola (1:9:2:8, v/v). Sargachromanol E and K had anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities were obtained from Sargassum siliguastrum by CPC one step process (5:5:7:3, v/v). The bioactive compounds were purified by a one-step CPC system exhibited higher yields than previous studies to isolate them using convention processes. Therefore, we suggest that CPC system is a useful equipment for easy and simple isolation of bioactive compounds from marine brown algae.

Ju-Young Ko has completed her PhD at the age of 31 years from Jeju National University and postdoctoral studies from Jeju National University School of Marine Life Science. She has published more than 25 papers in reputed journals.

Gastric enzymatic hydrolysates from flounder fish and its derived peptides have been evidenced on their strong antioxidant and anti-hypertension activities, etc. However, composition and functional effect of peptides in various enzymatic hydrolysates are differed by enzyme types, hydrolyzed times and temperatures, etc. Therefore, we determined on potential anti-hypertensive effect of hydrolysates produced from flounder fish using commercial enzymes such as Protamex, Flavourzyme, and Kojizyme which are common food grade protease and characterized on its derived peptides. In this study, Protamex- mediated hydrolysate showed the strongest effect on anti-hypertension than those of other commercial enzymes such as Flavourzyme and Kojizyme. Protamex-mediated hydrolysate was fractionated into three ranges of molecular weight (below 5 kDa, 5-10 kDa, and above 10 kDa). The below 5 kDa fraction exhibited the strongest anti-hypertensive effect. In its derived three peptides, Leucine-Histidine-Phenylalanine (LHF) and Tryptophan-Proline-Tryptophan (WPW) with stability in the gastro and intestinal digestion showed good anti-hypertension effects. Therefore, we suggest that Protamex-mediated hydrolysate will be a good anti-hypertensive agent due to existence of stabilized functional peptides including LHF and WPW.

Pei-Sheng Lee is a Ph D student studying in National Taiwan University Institute of Food Science and Technology. She has been working with various in vitro and in vivo models realizing basic theories and mechanisms underlining relationship between bioactive nutraceuticals and chemoprevention. She’s research interested in colorectal cancer and obesity. She is very active to participate in various national and international academic conferences.

Diet-induced obesity becomes a major health problem worldwide which is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation and intestinal dysbiosis. This study was conducted to investigate the chemopreventive effects of garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone derivative isolated from the fruit rind of Garcinia indica. The dried rind of G. indica (Kokum) is used as a garnish for curry and in traditional medicine in India for the treatment of inflammatory and infectious diseases. The results showed that garcinol reduced mouse body weight in a dose-dependent manner without affecting food intake. Dietary garcinol also effectively decreased relative perigonadal, retroperitoneal, and mesenteric fat weight in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Furthermore, garcinol markedly reduced the serum levels of glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), total cholesterol (TC), and triacylglycerol (TG). Our data indicate that garcinol not only reverses HFD-induced gut dysbiosis—as indicated by the decreased Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratios but also maintains intestinal barrier integrity by increasing intetestinal probiotics Akkermansia. Taken together, these results demonstrated for the first time that garcinol prevented HFD-induced obesity, and may be used as novel agents to prevent gut dysbiosis and obesity-related metabolic disorders.

Haw-Wen Chen has completed her PhD at the age of 28 years from the Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition of Iowa State University USA. She is the Professor of the Department of Nutrition of China Medical University Taiwan. She has published more than 80 papers in reputed journals.

Pathogenesis of insulin resistance has been linked to obesity-induced chronic low grade inflammation. In this study, we investigated the effects of andrographolide (AND), 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydro-andrographolide (deAND), and ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata (APE) on improvement of insulin sensitivity induced by TNF-α in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice and characterize their working mechanisms. In mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes, we found that APE and deAND reversed the TNF-α-induced suppression of insulin-stimulated 2-NBDG uptake. APE and deAND increased protein level of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in cell membrane fraction by phosphorylating IRS-1 tyr632 and AKT ser473 in TNF-α-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In addition, AND, deAND, and APE inhibited TNF-α-induced inflammatory response by blocking p38 phosphorylation and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. In vivo, we examined chow diet or HFD with or without 0.1% AND, 0.05% deAND, or 0.4% APE intervention for 16 weeks on insulin resistance. Dietary deAND and APE reduced HFD-induced body weight gain and improved glucose intolerance and insulin sensitivity. AND, deAND and APE attenuated the levels of MCP-1 and GPT in the serum of HFD-fed mice. Meanwhile, dietary AND, deAND, and APE enhanced the expression of GLUT4 in cell membrane fraction via phosphorylation of IRS-1 tyr632 and AKT ser473 in epididymal adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice. These results suggest that A. paniculata possesses potential to fight against obesity-induced insulin resistance and inflammation.

Chong-Kuei Lii has completed his PhD at the age of 33 years from the Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition of Iowa State University USA. He is the Professor of the Department of Nutrition of China Medical University Taiwan. His research interests include exploring biological activities of herb and food components as well as the herb and drug interactions. He has published more than 100 papers in reputed journals.

NLRP3 inflammasome plays an important role in innate immunity and is well known to be associated with the progression of numerous inflammatory diseases including type 2 diabetes, alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, atherosclerosis, and gout. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) and phenethyl isocyanate (PEITC), rich in cruciferous vegetables, possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and anti-cancer properties. In this study, we intend to examine the role of Kupffer cells in BITC and PEITC improvement of hepatic insulin resistance. Primary Kupffer cells and hepatocytes were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats. Results showed that BITC and PEITC attenuated LPS/nigericin-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion. Conditioned medium from Kupffer cells exposed to LPS/nigericin and recombinant IL-1β down-regulated hepatic insulin signaling as evidenced by inhibiting Akt phosphorylation as well as increased phosphoenopyruvate carboxylase (PEPCK) expression. In the presence of BITC and PEITC, changes in hepatic Akt phosphorylation and PEPCK expression induced by IL-1β were reversed. These findings suggest that the anti-diabetic potency of BITC and PEITC is likely to be associated with their inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in Kupffer cells, which leads to improve insulin sensitivity and suppress gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes.

Prof. Kim has completed her PhD at the age of 30 years from Kyunghee University, worked as researcher at Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine and did studies from Yale University School of Medicine. She is a professor of Wonkwang University of Korea, a decent Korean medical and Pharmaceutical school. She has published more than 90 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an consultant for Korean government.

BACKGROUND: Poligoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) is a traditional Korean medicinal herb, which is known to have pharmacological effects including anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory effects and anti-osteoporotic effect; However, its molecular mechanism on osteoclast differentiation has not been elucidated. PURPOSE: Our study aimed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo anti-osteoporotic effect of PMR water extract on the regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast activity. METHODS: The effects of PMR water extract on receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation and survival of mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) obtained from femurs were determined by tartrate-acid resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells and XTT assay. Expression of osteoclast-related genes such as c-Fos, nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFATcl), TRAP, osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 38 kDa, V0 subunit d2 (Atp6vod2), and Cathepsin K were measured by Western blot analysis and Real-time PCR. Additionally, we investigated the effects of PMR water extract on osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, alizarin red staining, and levels of mRNA encoding the bone differentiation markers including ALP, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osterix, and osteocalcin in mouse derived osteoblast. Moreover, the effects of PMR water extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone loss model using ICR mice. RESULTS: We found that PMR inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation of BMMs in a dose-dependent manner without any cytotoxicity, and suppressed expression of the main osteoclast differentiation markers c-Fos and NFATc1. In addition, PMR also decreased the mRNA expressions of NFATc1 target genes including TRAP, OSCAR, Atp6vod2, and Cathepsin K. These inhibitory effects were mediated by the p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) / nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Conversely, PMR enhanced the differentiation of primary osteoblasts, and increased the mRNA expression of Runx2, ALP, osterix, and osteocalcin. In addition, PMR improved lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced trabecular bone loss in mice. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, PMR regulates bone remodeling by reducing osteoclast differentiation and stimulating osteoblast formation. These results suggest that PMR could be used for the treatment of bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, and rheumatoid arthritis.

S C Yang and K R Shieh have completed their PhD from Yang Ming University. Their research fields include the neuroscience and animal behaviors.

Baicalin, one of the principal and active compounds in the traditional Chinese herb Huangqin, has been shown to interact with the benzodiazepine binding site of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor. Previous studies also showed that baicalin has the potential anxiolytic-like effect in the membrane binding assay in vitro and in the Vogel conflict test in ICR mice in vivo. Whether baicalin had the similar anxiolytic-like effects in rats was the main focus. In the present study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were oral administration of baicalin to test the anxiolytic-like effects. Baicalin did not influence the motor function, seizure score and novelty seeking behaviors, but did reduce the anxious responses in the behavioral responses of elevated-plus maze and open field tests. All of these findings indicate that baicalin has the potentials to develop as the anxiolytics in the future.

Kai-Li Liu has completed her PhD degree from Department of Foods and Nutrition at Purdue University. She is currently a Professor of Nutrition Department at Chung Medical University. She has published 2 papers about the health benefits of I. suffruticosa in food and chemical toxicology

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by airway hyper responsiveness (AHR) and obstruction as well as pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress. In the majority of asthmatics, excessive activation of T helper 2 (Th2) cells occurs in lungs. Aberrant activation of Th2 cells by allergens increased secretion of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 which are crucial for developing the pathophysiological symptoms of asthma. IL-4 and IL-13 plays a role in activation of B cells for immunoglobulin E (IgE) synthesis, increase of inflammatory responses and AHR. Indigofera suffruticosa Miller is an herbal medicine for the treatment of inflammation. In this study, we investigated the effect of I. suffruticosa extracts on asthmatic responses in the Th2-mediated ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma model. Data show that treatment with I. suffruticosa water and ethanol extracts significantly attenuated AHR as measured by the enhanced pause response. Moreover, I. suffruticosa extracts diminished oxidative stress, IgE secretion, inflammation cell infiltration, levels of IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Indigofera suffruticosa extracts reduced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation as well as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation as evidenced by decreases in nuclear NF-B p65 protein and nuclear NF-κB protein DNA binding affinity in lung tissues. Our results suggest the I. suffruticosa could lessen allergic asthma through inhibition of MAPKs/NF-B pathway

Bokyung Koo is from Kyung Hee University which is at Repubilc of Korea

Eclipta prostrata L. (Asteraceae) has been used as whole body nourishment and nervine tonic in traditional herbal medicine. In the present study, we investigated the effect of E. prostrata on cognitive fuction. A single administration of E. prostrata ameliorated scopolamine- induced memory impairment in the passive avoidance, the Y-maze, and the Morris water maze tasks. Moreover, hippocampal long-term potentiation and Western blot analyses were also employed to confirm the effects of E. prostrata on the levels of memory-related synaptic plasticity and biochemical parameters. Next, we conducted to isolate active compound from the ethanolic extract of E. prostrata by activity-guided fractionation method and found the eclalbasaponin II, an oleanane-type triterpenoid saponin. We also conducted such behavior tasks to confirm the effect of eclalbasaponin II on cognitive function. Similar to the extract of E. prostrata, eclalbasaponin II (10 or 20 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly ameliorated the cognitive dysfunction induced by scopolamine in the above behavioral studies. Western blot analysis revealed eclalbasaponin II increased the phosphorylation levels of Akt and GSK-3β in the hippocampus

Liao Yulan has been studying for Master’s degree at Kyung Hee University College of Pharmacy from 2016

Bee pollen has been used as a functional food and contains many biological active components like flavonoids, polyphenols, phytosterols or minerals. Bee pollen has a wide range of pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-radiation, hepatoprotective or anti-inflammatory activities. However, limited research has been conducted for cognitive function. In the present study, we investigated the ameliorating effect about bee pollen against scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment using the Morris water maze test, the Y-maze test and the passive avoidance test. Bee pollen (100 or 300mg/kg, p.o.) significantly lengthened swimming time in target quadrant in the Morris water maze test, ameliorated spontaneous alternation versus the scopolamine-treated group in the Y-maze test and reversed scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in the passive avoidance test. In addition, the expression levels of phosphorylated protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) or cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) was increased by the administration of bee pollen (100 or 300mg/kg, p.o.). Taken together, these results indicate that bee pollen would be useful for the treatment of cognitive impairment induced by cholinergic blockade

Seong-Soo Roh has lectured and studied Pharmacology and Toxicity in Korean Medicine at Daegu Haany University. In addition to natural drug research, he is also focusing on research on functional food ingredients and natural cosmetic materials. Presently he is the Editor-in-Chief of The Korea Association of Herbology and serves as an Academic Member and Editor of internationally renowned journals

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Sulfasalazine commonly used in IBD, possibly has various side effects after high dosage and long term intake. Citrus unshiu peel has been widely used as herbal medicine in East Asia for treating cold and dyspepsia. Radix bupleuri has been mostly used in liver-related disease in clinic and our recent research also proved that Radix bupleuri had renoprotective effect as well as hepatoprotective effect for toxicity induced with sulfasalazine. The present study aimed to compare dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced CD in mice attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of the pharmacological between sulfasalazine alone and combination with herbal medicine. DSS-induced UC mice made with 5% DSS water solution for 7 days and TNBS-induced CD mice were injected through a flexible catheter 4 cm in length 1.6 mg TNBS. Animals were divided into five groups (n=9). The anti-oxidant, inflammatory and apoptotic protein levels were determined using western blotting. DSS mice led to symptoms similar to those of human ulcerative colitis and TNBS mice were similar to human Crohn’s disease. Sulfasalazine+Citrus unshiu peel and Radix bupleuri mixture (SCPB) treatment showed an outstanding efficacy in counteracting the IBD, as estimated by reduction of body weight, increase in antioxidant expression and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory proteins and cytokines. We ensure that the SCPB treatment instead of sulfasalazine alone may be an alternative drug for treating on UC and CD without any adverse effects

Yoo-Jin Kim is currently pursuing Master’s degree from Daegu Haany University, Department of Herbal Pharmacology. She has published 2 papers in Korean journals

This study was carried out to evaluate effects of medicinal herbal mixture (JHU) including Rehmanniae Radix Preparata on the melanogenesis in vitro and hair growth in vivo. We assessed effects of JHU on melanin production through analysis of melanin contents and tyrosinase activity in B16F10 melanoma cells. After JHU treatment, cell viability was determined by MTT assay then there was no cytotoxicity (ranged below 0.4 mg/ml). Also, we were evaluated effect on the hair regrowth of JHU in an animal model using C57BL/6 mice (male and female). For 2 weeks, we put 0.2 ml of one of three solutions (control, JHU and minoxidil (MNXD, positive control) on shaved dorsal skin every day. Effects of JHU extract on hair regrowth were monitored through photographs and phototrichogram analysis by folliscope. And hair growth-related gene expressions were measured by immune-blotting. Also 5-alpha reductase activity of dermis and prostate gland and hair follicle morphometry by hematoxylin-eosin staining were performed. The results showed that hair melanogenesis significantly increased in JHU group compared to those of control group. In addition, the MNXD or JHU-treated group significantly increased the hair growth, hair density, size and number of follicle and the protein expression of dorsal IGF-1 and VEGF compared to those of the control group, respectively. 5-alpha reductase activities in tissues and the protein expression of dorsal TGFβ1 in MNXD or JHU treated-group significantly decreased compared to those of vehicle treatment, respectively. These results suggest that JHU has the promoting effect on hair melanogenesis and hair growth.

So-Young Kim has completed her studies in Pharmaceutical Engineering in Deagu Hanny University, Republic of Korea. Currently she is studying about obesity at the Graduate School, Department of Herbal Pharmacology in Daegu Hanny University. She has published more than 3 papers in reputed Korean journals

Plantago asiatica (PA) has been widely used as Korean medicine. In present study, water extract of Plantago asiatica leaf (PAL) was used to investigate the effects of PAL on anti-obesity in C57BL/6J mice fed high-fat diet. Animals were divided into 7 groups; ND (normal diet+0.9% saline), HFD (high-fat diet+0.9% saline), GC500 (high-fat diet+Garcinia cambogia (500 mg/kg)), PAL100, 200, 300 and 400 (high-fat diet+PAL (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg). Treatments were performed orally for 6 weeks. Body weights, adipose tissue weights and Food Efficiency Ratio (FER) were significantly lower in mice fed the high-fat diet containing PAL than in mice fed the high-fat diet alone. In plasma, triglyceride, total cholesterol and Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol levels significantly decrease but High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol levels significantly increased in PAL groups compared to HFD group. Also, triglyceride levels decreased in liver and increased in fecal in PAL groups compared to HFD group. To identify protein expression levels of factors which affect adipocyte differentiation (AMP-activated protein kinase (AMKP), phospholyrated-AMPK (p-AMPK), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), phospholyated-ACC (p-ACC), Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), Sterol Regulatory Element- Binding Protein-1c (SREBP-1c), western blot was carried out in liver. The results showed that protein expression intensities of p-AMPK and p-ACC in liver increased but those of PPAR-γ and SREBP-1c decreased in PAL groups compared to HFD group. Therefore, our results indicated that PAL extract is effective in preventing and improvement obesity, so it might be a potential and safe material for anti-obesity agent or functional supplements

Su Ji Kim has lectured and studied Pharmacology and Toxicity in Korean Medicine at Daegu Haany University, Republic of Korea. In addition to natural drug research, he is also focusing on research on functional food ingredients and natural cosmetic materials. Presently he is the Editor-in-Chief of The Korea Association of Herbology and serves as an Academic Member and Editor of internationally renowned journals

Sulfasalazine commonly used in Ulcerative Colitis (UC), potentially has various adverse effects after high dosage and long term intake. The present study aimed to investigate the comparative evaluation of pharmacological efficacy between Sulfasalazine alone and combination with herbal medicine on Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS)-induced UC in mice. To induce UC, Balb/c mice were treated 5% DSS water solution for 7 days. Animals were divided into five groups (n=9); Group-1: Normal group; Group-2: DSS control group; Group-3: DSS+sulfasalazine (30 mg/kg); Group-4: DSS+sulfasalazine (60 mg/kg); Group-5: DSS+sulfasalazine (30 mg/kg)+Scutellariae radix and Bupleuri radix mixture (30 mg/kg) (SSB). The anti-oxidant, inflammatory and apoptotic protein levels were determined using western blotting. DSS-treated mice developed symptoms similar to those of human UC, such as severe bloody diarrhea and weight loss. SSB supplementation, as well as sulfasalazine suppressed colonic length shortening and mucosal inflammatory injury. In addition, significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory signaling molecules through suppression of both Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) and Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways and prevented the apoptosis of colon, moreover, SSB significantly up-regulated antioxidant enzymes including SOD and catalase. This is the first report that Scutellariae radix and Bupleuri radix mixture combined with sulfasalazine protects against experimental UC via the inhibition of both inflammation and apoptosis, very similar to the standard-of-care sulfasalazine. We conclude that SSB can provide better treatments for UC than sulfasalazine alone or may be useful as an alternative treatment strategy for UC, without evidence of side effects

K Shirsagar Sanjay Ragho has completed his PhD in 1999 in Floristics and worked as Ecologist in University of Delhi, India. He has 15 years of teaching experience and 10 years of research experience in medicinal plants, flora, ethnobotany, ethnomedicine, biodiversity, ex situ conservation, herbal garden, botanical garden and herbarium. He is a Coordinator of PG Diploma in conservation of medicinal, endemic and endangered plants and has 28 research papers in national journals, 11 research papers in international journals and two books

Present paper communicates potentially important medicinal plants with reference to their taxonomy, threats if any, precise locations, flowering and fruiting period, present status in the field, traditional uses and doses. Different parts of plant species are used as traditional medicines in the form of crude drugs by variety of doses to cure different ailments and diseases. These species are collected and studied from Khandesh region of the state of Maharashtra and Sahyadri ranges of Western Ghats in India and of them, some species are conserved in our botanical garden for research, multiplication and transfer to other botanical gardens. For example Curcuma inodora, Dioscorea peltata, Sterculia urens, Ceropegia sahyadrica, C. bulbosa, C. hirsuta, C. lawii, Vigna khandalensis, Gloriosa superba, Rawolfia tetraphylla, Pterocapus marsupium, Radermachera xylocarpa, Entada pusaetha, Zingiber devakarianum, Michelia champaca, Costus picta, Costus speciosus, Bauhinia vahlii, Bauhinia tomentosa, Curculigo orchioides, Eulophia ochracea, Gymnema sylvestre, Enicostemma axillare, Caralluma adscendens var. fimbriata, Cissus quadrangularis, Commiphora wightii, Amorphophallus bulbifer, Tylophora indica, Abrus precatorius, Plumbago zeylanica, Neuracanthus sphaerostachys, Hemidesmus indicus, Euphorbia hirta, Pueraria tuberosa, Asparagus racemosus, Abrus precatorius, Erythrina suberosa, Tinospora cordifolia, Holarrhena pubescens, Alangium salvifolium, Psoralia corylifolia, Centella asiatica, Woodfordia fruticosa, Datura metel, Gmelina arborea, Sphaeranthus indicus, Randia dumetorum, Vitex negundo, Butea monosperma, Uraria picta, Erythrina variegata, Desmodium oojeinensis, Dendrophthoe falcata, Leonotis nepetaefolia, Plectranthus barbatus, Acaccia nilotica, Albizia lebbeck, Mimosa pudica, Acacia leurophloea, Acacia pennata, Thepesia lampas, Boerhavia diffusa, Portulaca oleracea, Argemone mexicana, Datura metal, Vitex negundo, Holoptelea integrifalia

Karaleen Anderson is a PhD scholar from the Utah Valley University at USA

Fungal infections caused by opportunistic pathogens have been growing in clinical importance in the last decade with a significant increase in infections due to the Zygomycetes, Mucor and Rhizopus and Absidia. These serious and sometimes fatal infections are often associated with biofilm formation. The formation of biofilms is important clinically because biofilms often show an increase in resistance to antifungal agents when compared to free living colonies. This study aims to investigate both the biofilm formation and the antifungal susceptibility of three species that have been isolated from mucormycosis infections namely: Rhizopus oryzae, Absidia corymbifera and Rhizomucor pusillus. Upon successful biofilm formation, the possible synergistic effects between thyme oil and amphotericin B will be tested. If successful, this combination could allow clinicians to lower the dose of amphotericin B, thus reducing the side effect while maintaining and utilizing the effective antifungal properties of both the oil and the drug

Jin Ah Ryuk working in Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine which is in Republic Korea. And his research interest bsed on Herbal Medicine, Herbs etc

Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, “Dahuang” in Chinese, is widely known as a purgative and anti-inflammatory agent. The origine is divided into Rhei Rhizoma and Rheum species. In Korean Pharmacopeia, Rhei Rhizoma is used three Rheum species (Polygonaceae) as Rheum palmatum, R. tanguticum, R. officinale. However, due to the morphologic similarity of the aerial parts and frequent occurrence of intermediate forms, the taxonomy of this genus and the correct identification of Rheum species and Rhei Rhizoma are very difficult. Rhei Rhizoma have been often misused as other herbal, such as R. undulatum and Rumex species. We have determined nucleotide sequences on the ITS and chloroplast pet B-D gene to detection species-specific genetic markers between origin Rhei Rhizoma and Rhei Undulatai Rhizoma. According to the results, Rhei Rhizoma (R. palmatum, R. tanguticum, R. officinale) and Rhei Undulata Rhizoma (R. undulatum) were divided into two groups separately. We developed a convenient and efficient identification method using the genetic marker. This results provided that speciesspecific genetic markers showed some authentic methods for the identification of Rhei Rhizoma. The purpose of study is to identify their origin at the genomic DNA level by DNA fingerprinting and DNA sequence analysis. We monitored the rhubarb that was circulating in Korean medicinal herb market

Metabolic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, stroke, retinopathy, myocardial infarction and neurodegeneration are interrelated with increased insulin resistance by attenuated insulin signaling in different tissues. Korean traditional fermented foods are symbiotic foods that can modulate gut microbiomes and reduce the symptoms of metabolic diseases. Korean fermented foods have enhanced bioactivities over the original foods. For example, soybeans contain various phytoestrogens that improve energy, glucose and bone metabolism. However, their bioavailability is low. Fermentation changes the structure of phytoestrogens to form isoflavonoid aglycones, DDMP soyasaponin βg, E soyasaponin Be and lysophosphatidylcholines. These fermentation products are absorbed better in the gut and exhibit enhanced functionality for metabolism. Bioactivities of fermented foods are modified by the major microorganisms that ferment them. Soybeans are traditionally fermented with Bacillus licheniformis (chungkookjang) and Aspergillus oryzae (meju), without added salt, improve insulin sensitivity and insulinotropic actions better than unfermented soybeans in non-obese type 2 diabetic rats fed high fat diets. This improvement is associated with potentiating insulin signaling in the liver and pancreatic islets. Chungkookjang made with Bacillus licheniformis decreases the accumulation of β-amyloid deposits in rats with β-amyloid (25-35) infusion into the CA1 region. Therefore, traditional Korean fermentation of soybean foods improves their bioactivities including gut microbiomes for alleviating metabolic diseases, especially type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease

Da Sol Kim is a Ph.D student of nutrition. Her expertise is in the study of diabetes with an emphasis on the etiology of Asian type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes involves various organs of the body, and much of her recent research has focused on the modulation of insulin signaling in the brain and liver

Byoung Seob Ko working in Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine which is in Republic Korea. And his research interest bsed on Herbal Medicine, Herbs etc

Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, “Dahuang” in Chinese, is widely known as a purgative and anti-inflammatory agent. The origine is divided into Rhei Rhizoma and Rheum species. In Korean Pharmacopeia, Rhei Rhizoma is used three Rheum species (Polygonaceae) as Rheum palmatum, R. tanguticum, R. officinale. However, due to the morphologic similarity of the aerial parts and frequent occurrence of intermediate forms, the taxonomy of this genus and the correct identification of Rheum species and Rhei Rhizoma are very difficult. Rhei Rhizoma have been often misused as other herbal, such as R. undulatum and Rumex species. We have determined nucleotide sequences on the ITS and chloroplast pet B-D gene to detection species-specific genetic markers between origin Rhei Rhizoma and Rhei Undulatai Rhizoma. According to the results, Rhei Rhizoma (R. palmatum, R. tanguticum, R. officinale) and Rhei Undulata Rhizoma (R. undulatum) were divided into two groups separately. We developed a convenient and efficient identification method using the genetic marker. This results provided that speciesspecific genetic markers showed some authentic methods for the identification of Rhei Rhizoma. The purpose of study is to identify their origin at the genomic DNA level by DNA fingerprinting and DNA sequence analysis. We monitored the rhubarb that was circulating in Korean medicinal herb market

Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Republic of Korea

Korean peninsula has diverse vegetation and fluctuant climate throughout the year. Adapting to this kind of natural environment efficiently, Korean people has developed healthful alimentotherapy to assist healthcare, and succeeded in remarkable improvement of health. Among them worked on specific diseases or compensated constitutional disadvantage. These alimentotherapies had been devised by royal doctors and applied in the court at first. Then it was accepted by scholarofficials as one of traditional yangsaeng technique, and eventually reflected in diets of noble families and ordinary people. Also, these kinds of traditional knowledge have changed creatively and been handed down from generation to generation. These days, people often say “medicine and food originate from the same source”, citing a pharmacologist in Qing dynasty. However, it is understood only in an elementary level, as food ingredients may also have medicinal effect. This is a dangerous idea and wrong approach; the original of purpose the quote was that both food ingredients and medicine have to follow the principles of Four Qi and Five Flavors, and tonification and purgation of organs. Donguibogam rather argues treatment of diseases with food and medicine. This argument is about useful methods of preventing and treating diseases adopting interaction and harmony between food and medicine. The corresponding concept and term used in traditional medicine is food-cure or food-treatment. It is derived from “food-doctor” written in the Rites of Zhou in 2nd century B.C., but specific usages are shown since late Goryeo and early Joseon dynasty. Particularly in Joseon dynasty, Jeon Suneui, a medical-official of Naeuiwon, was a talented fooddoctor as he had written Sikryochanyo, Abstracts on Food Treatment). The tradition of alimentotherapy in Joseon is based on Euibangyoochui, the largest text on medicine in Korea, and was succeeded by Euirimchwalyo and Donguibogam. It later flourished with Jejungshinpyeon in the reign of King Jeongjo. Especially Donguibogam, UNESCO’s Memory of the World, emphasized the importance of alimentotherapy, asserting that doctors should treat the disease first with food, and when it is not treated by food, use prescriptions. This article summarizes the compilation of Euibangyoochui, which contains the origin of Korean traditional alimentotherapy, and then explores several important aspects of the tradition of alimentotherapy in Korea, by studying the organization of “the Chapter on Food-treatment”, composing an independent part of this massive medical text